API Java

Besoin

Fournir un ensemble de librairies de code standard pour les applications Java.

Analyse

Le terme "API Java" désigne l'ensemble des libraries standards livrées avec les plates-formes Java :

• J2SE
• J2EE

Ces libraries peuvent varier en fonction des versions de ces plates-formes.

Conception

Les bibliothèques standards sont livrées sous formes de JAR dans des répertoires standards des plates-formes.

Implémentation

• API Java

  		Java						Commentaire
  	Version	1						Compatibilité des classes compilées
  Technologie	Release	0	1	2	3	4	5	Fonctionnalité
  Fondamentaux		java.lang						Types de bases (String, StringBuffer, Integer, etc.) et conversions associées, propriétés système.
  	Réflexivité	Non	java.lang.reflect					Reflection : Découverte et invocation dynamiques des interfaces des objets.
  	Références mémoire	Non		java.lang.ref				Objets représentant des références mémoire, permettant une interaction limitée avec le GC.
  	JavaBeans	Non	java.beans					Composants Java simples, notamment adaptés aux GUI. Intégrables dynamiquement grâce à l'introspection.
  		Non		java.beans. beancontext
  Web	Applets	java.applet						Petites applications insérables dans des pages Web.
  AWT		java.awt						Abstract Window Toolkit : GUI avec widgets natifs (peers).
  	Espaces de couleurs	Non		java.awt.color
  	Copier-Coller	Non	java.awt.datatransfer					Copier-Coller entre applications.
  	Glisser-déposer	Non		java.awt.dnd				Drag and Drop : Manipulation de l'utilisateur permettant de transférer (copier, déplacer) de l'information.
  	Evénements	Non	java.awt.event
  	Polices de caractères	Non		java.awt.font				.
  Java2D		Non		java.awt.geom				Geometry : Opérations géométriques 2D.
  Image		Non		java.awt.im				Input Method
  		Non			java.awt.im. <a href="/tech/info/soft/SPI.html">spi</a>			SPI pour développer des input methods
  		java.awt.image						Provides classes for creating and modifying images.
  		Non		java.awt.image. renderable				Provides classes and interfaces for producing rendering-independent images.
  Swing		Non		javax.swing				components that, to the maximum degree possible, work the same on all platforms.
  		Non		javax.swing.border				drawing specialized borders around a Swing component.
  		Non		javax.swing. colorchooser				used by the JColorChooser component.
  		Non		javax.swing.event				events fired by Swing components.
  		Non		javax.swing. filechooser				used by the JFileChooser component.
  		Non		javax.swing.plaf				Pluggable Look-And-Feel.
  		Non		javax.swing.plaf. basic				Look and feel basique.
  		Non		javax.swing.plaf. metal				Look and feel par défaut : Java (de nom de code Metal)
  		Non		javax.swing.plaf. multi				Objets GUI combinant plus de 1 look and feel.
  		Non		javax.swing.table				Tableau.
  		Non		javax.swing.text				Composants textuels éditables ou non.
  		Non		javax.swing.text. html				HTMLEditorKit and supporting classes for creating HTML text editors.
  		Non		javax.swing.text. html.parser				default HTML parser, along with support classes.
  		Non		javax.swing.text. rtf				RTFEditorKit for creating Rich-Text-Format text editors.
  		Non		javax.swing. tree				Arborescence graphique.
  		Non		javax.swing. undo				Annuler/Répéter.
  		Non	java.math					Provides classes for performing arbitrary-precision integer arithmetic (BigInteger) and arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic (BigDecimal).
  Réseau		java.net						Provides the classes for implementing networking applications.
  		Non				javax.net		for networking applications.
  		Non				javax.net. ssl		secure socket package.
  E/S		java.io						Input/Output : Provides for system input and output through data streams, serialization and the file system.
  		Non				java.nio		New I/O : API pour E/S non-bloquantes.
  		Non				java.nio. channels		Defines channels, which represent connections to entities that are capable of performing I/O operations, such as files and sockets; defines selectors, for multiplexed, non-blocking I/O operations.
  		Non				java.nio. channels.spi		Service-provider classes for the java.nio.channels package.
  		Non				java.nio. charset		Defines charsets, decoders, and encoders, for translating between bytes and Unicode characters.
  		Non				java.nio. charset.spi		Service-provider classes for the java.nio.charset package.
  RMI		Non	java.rmi					Remote Method Invocation.
  	GC	Non	java.rmi.dgc					RMI et garbage-collection distribuée (DGC)
  	Annuaire	Non	java.rmi.registry					Annuaire d'objets RMI.
  	Côté serveur	Non	java.rmi.server					RMI côté serveur.
  	Activation	Non		java.rmi.activation				Activation d'objets RMI.
  	RMI/IIOP	Non				javax.rmi
  		Non				javax.rmi. CORBA		Portabilité RMI/IIOP.
  Cryptographie		Non	java.security					Provides the classes and interfaces for the security framework.
  		Non	java.security.acl					The classes and interfaces in this package have been superseded by classes in the java.security package.
  		Non	java.security.interfaces					Génération de clés RSA conformes à la note technique PKCS#1, et DSA conformes au FIPS-186 du NIST
  		Non		java.security.cert				Décodage et gestion de certificats, CRLs, et chemins de certification.
  		Non		java.security.spec				Spécification de clés et de paramètres d'algorithmes.
  	Authentification / autorisation	Non				javax. security. auth
  		Non				javax.security. auth. callback		interact with applications in order to retrieve information (authentication data including usernames or passwords, for example) or to display information (error and warning messages, for example).
  	Authentification Kerberos	Non				javax.security. auth.kerberos
  		Non				javax.security. auth.login		Infrastructure d'authentification pluggable.
  		Non				javax.security. auth.spi		implementing pluggable authentication modules.
  		Non				javax.security. auth.x500		store X500 Principal and X500 Private Crendentials in a Subject.
  		Non				javax. security. cert		public key certificates.
  JCE		Non				Optionnel	javax. crypto	Operations cryptographiques
  		Non				Optionnel	javax. crypto. interfaces	Diffie-Hellman keys as defined in RSA Laboratories' PKCS #3.
  		Non				Optionnel	javax. crypto. spec	key specifications and algorithm parameter specifications.
  		Non				org.ietf.jgss		make use of security services like authentication, data integrity and data confidentiality from a variety of underlying security mechanisms like Kerberos, using a unified API.
  SGBDR	JDBC	Non	<a href="https://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/docs/api/java/sql/package-summary.html">java.sql</a>
  		Non				javax.sql		server side data source access and processing from the JavaTM programming language. JDBC 3.0
  Utilitaires	Collections	java.util						Listes, dictionnaires (tableaux de hâchage, etc.),
  	Internationalisation
  	Date / heure
  	Autres							événements, décodeur de chaînes, nombres aléatoires, tableau de bits.
  		Non	java.text					handling text, dates, numbers, and messages in a manner independent of natural languages.
  		Non	java.util.zip					reading and writing the standard ZIP and GZIP file formats.
  		Non		<a href="https://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/docs/api/java/util/jar/package-summary.html">java.util.jar</a>				Ecriture et lecture de fichiers au format JAR.
  Traces		Non				java.util. logging
  		Non				java.util. prefs		Stockage et récupération de données de configuration utilisateur et système.
  		Non				java.util. regex		Reconnaissance de séquences de caractères par rapport à des motifs spécifiés par des expressions régulières
  		Non		javax.accessibility				contract between user-interface components and an assistive technology that provides access to those components.
  Image		Non				javax. imageio		Java Image I/O API.
  		Non				javax. imageio. event		synchronous notification of events during the reading and writing of images.
  		Non				javax. imageio. metadata		reading and writing metadata.
  		Non				javax.imageio. plugins. jpeg		built-in JPEG plug-in.
  		Non				javax.imageio. spi		plug-in interfaces for readers, writers, transcoders, and streams, and a runtime registry.
  		Non				javax.imageio. stream		A package of the Java Image I/O API dealing with low-level I/O from files and streams.
  JNDI		Non			javax.naming			Accès aux services de nommage.
  		Non			javax.naming. directory			Accès aux annuaires.
  		Non			javax.naming. event			event notification when accessing naming and directory services.
  		Non			javax.naming. ldap			Opérations et contrôles étendus pour LDAPv3.
  		Non			javax.naming. spi			means for dynamically plugging in support for accessing naming and directory services through the javax.naming and related packages.
  Impression		Non		java. awt. print		Obsolète		Provides classes and interfaces for a general printing API.
  		Non				javax.print		JavaTM Print Service API.
  		Non				javax.print. attribute		types of JavaTM Print Service attributes and how they can be collected into attribute sets.
  		Non				javax.print. attribute. standard		specific printing attributes.
  		Non				javax.print. event		event classes and listener interfaces.
  Audio		Non			javax.sound.midi			I/O, sequencing, and synthesis of MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) data.
  		Non			javax.sound. midi.spi			for service providers to implement when offering new MIDI devices, MIDI file readers and writers, or sound bank readers.
  		Non			javax.sound. sampled			capture, processing, and playback of sampled audio data.
  		Non			javax.sound. sampled. spi			service providers to subclass when offering new audio devices, sound file readers and writers, or audio format converters.
  		Non				javax. transaction. xa		contract between the transaction manager and the resource manager, which allows the transaction manager to enlist and delist resource objects (supplied by the resource manager driver) in JTA transactions.
  JAXP	Parser	Non				javax.xml. parsers		Traitement de documents XML.
  	XSLT	Non				javax.xml. transform		generic APIs for processing transformation instructions, and performing a transformation from source to result.
  	SAX	Non				org.xml. sax		Interfaces SAX
  		Non				javax.xml. transform. sax		SAX2-specific transformation APIs. javax.xml.transform.stream This package implements stream- and URI- specific transformation APIs.
  		Non				org.xml. sax.ext		Extension pour SAX which is a component of the Java API for XML Processing.
  		Non				org.xml. sax. helpers		Classes utilitaires pour SAX
  	DOM	Non				javax.xml. transform. dom		DOM-specific transformation APIs.
  		Non				org.w3c. dom		Interfaces DOM
  CORBA		Non		org.omg.CORBA				mapping of the OMG CORBA APIs to the JavaTM programming language, including the class ORB, which is implemented so that a programmer can use it as a fully-functional Object Request Broker (ORB).
  		Non		org.omg.CORBA. DynAnyPackage				exceptions used with the DynAny interface (InvalidValue, Invalid, InvalidSeq, and TypeMismatch).
  		Non		org.omg.CORBA. ORBPackage				exception InvalidName, which is thrown by the method ORB.resolve_initial_references and the exception InconsistentTypeCode, which is thrown by the Dynamic Any creation methods in the ORB class.
  		Non		org.omg. CORBA. portable				portability layer, that is, a set of ORB APIs that makes it possible for code generated by one vendor to run on another vendor's ORB.
  		Non		org.omg.CORBA. TypeCodePackage				user-defined exceptions BadKind and Bounds, which are thrown by methods in in the class TypeCode.
  	Transactions	Non			javax.transaction			Juste 3 Exceptions de JTA susceptibles d'être levées par l'ORB lors de l'unmarshalling.
  		Non			org.omg. CosNaming			naming service for Java IDL.
  		Non			org.omg. CORBA_2_3			additions to existing CORBA interfaces in the Java 2 Standard Edition. These changes occurred in recent revisions to the CORBA API defined by the OMG. The new methods were added to interfaces derived from the corresponding interfaces in the CORBA package. This provides backward compatibility and avoids breaking the JCK tests.
  		Non			org.omg. CORBA_2_3. portable			methods for the input and output of value types, and contains other updates to the org/omg/CORBA/portable package.
  		Non			org.omg. SendingContext			marshalling of value types.
  		Non			org.omg. stub. java. rmi			RMI-IIOP Stubs for the Remote types that occur in the java.rmi package.
  		Non				org.omg. CosNaming. NamingContextExtPackage		following classes, which are used in org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextExt:
  		Non				org.omg. CosNaming. NamingContextPackage		Exception classes for the org.omg.CosNaming package.
  		Non				org.omg. Dynamic		Dynamic module specified in the OMG Portable Interceptor specification, https://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ptc/2000-08-06, section 21.9.
  		Non				org.omg. DynamicAny		traversal of the data value associated with an any at runtime, and extraction of the primitive constituents of the data value.
  		Non				org.omg.DynamicAny. DynAnyFactoryPackage		classes and exceptions from the DynAnyFactory interface of the DynamicAny module specified in the OMG The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, https://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07, section 9.2.2.
  		Non				org.omg. DynamicAny. DynAnyPackage		classes and exceptions from the DynAny interface of the DynamicAny module specified in the OMG The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, https://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07, section 9.2.
  		Non				org.omg.IOP		IOP module specified in the OMG document The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, https://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07, section 13.6.
  		Non				org.omg.IOP. CodecFactoryPackage		exceptions specified in the IOP::CodeFactory interface (as part of the Portable Interceptors spec).
  		Non				org.omg.IOP. CodecPackage		generated from the IOP::Codec IDL interface definition.
  		Non				org.omg.Messaging		Messaging module specified in the OMG CORBA Messaging specification, https://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07.
  		Non				org.omg. PortableInterceptor		mechanism to register ORB hooks through which ORB services can intercept the normal flow of execution of the ORB.
  		Non				org.omg. PortableInterceptor. ORBInitInfoPackage		exceptions and typedefs from the ORBInitInfo local interface of the PortableInterceptor module specified in the OMG Portable Interceptor specification, https://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ptc/2000-08-06, section 21.7.2.
  		Non				org.omg. PortableServer		server side of your applications portable across multivendor ORBs.
  		Non				org.omg. PortableServer. CurrentPackage		Provides method implementations with access to the identity of the object on which the method was invoked.
  		Non				org.omg. PortableServer. POAManagerPackage		Encapsulates the processing state of the POAs it is associated with.
  		Non				org.omg. PortableServer. POAPackage		Allows programmers to construct object implementations that are portable between different ORB products.
  		Non				org.omg.PortableServer. portable		server side of your applications portable across multivendor ORBs.
  		Non				org.omg. PortableServer. ServantLocatorPackage		locating the servant.

• Créé en 1995 par Sun Microsystems qui le gère toujours aujourd'hui via sa filiale JavaSoft.

Exemples

J2SE comporte des libraries standards :

• Runtime (%JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib/rt.<a href="/org/us/company/oracle/sun/ptf/java/JAR.html">jar</a>)
• d'internationalisation (%JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib/i18n.<a href="/org/us/company/oracle/sun/ptf/java/JAR.html">jar</a>)

J2EE compte les libraries standards dont les JAR ne sont pas imposés mais devant inclure :

• EJB
• Servlet et JSP
• J2C

Voir

• The Java Tutorial
• Java Language Specification (JLS)
• Inner classes specification
• Code source